Which two factors are most associated with elite athletic performance?

The correct answer highlights the crucial role that genetics and training play in achieving elite athletic performance. Genetics provides the innate characteristics and physical attributes that can influence an athlete's potential, such as muscle composition, bone structure, and cardiovascular capacity. For instance, some individuals may have a genetic predisposition for faster recovery times or optimal muscle fiber type distribution, which can give them a competitive edge.

Training, on the other hand, is the method by which athletes develop and enhance their skills, strength, endurance, and overall performance. A well-structured training program tailored to an athlete's specific sport and individual needs is fundamental for maximizing genetic potential. Effective training encompasses not only physical conditioning but also skill development, tactical awareness, and psychological preparation.

While other factors like nutrition, coaching, and environment can significantly contribute to an athlete's performance, they are often viewed as complementary to the foundational roles that genetics and training play. Nutrition supports the training process by fueling the body and aiding recovery, coaching provides guidance and strategy, and the environment can impact motivation and opportunities. However, without the right genetic traits and a rigorous, focused training regimen, the potential for elite performance may not be fully realized.