What is the role of insulin in glucose metabolism?

Insulin plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism primarily by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. When blood glucose levels rise, such as after eating, the pancreas releases insulin. Insulin binds to receptors on the surface of various cells, particularly muscle and adipose (fat) tissues, allowing glucose to enter these cells. This process is vital for maintaining normal blood glucose levels and providing energy for cellular functions.

In addition to promoting glucose uptake, insulin also encourages the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen in the liver and muscles and inhibits the production of new glucose in the liver. By enhancing the transport of glucose into cells, insulin effectively helps lower blood sugar levels and plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis.